Biology-10-a

FACULTY OF MEDICINE, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, BRNO
Admission test: BIOLOGY A
1. The double helix structure of DNA was discovered in 1953 by: a) T.H. Morgan e) none of the answers is correct 2. The conformation of a polypeptide chain (folding) is called: a) primary structure 3. The lipids that make up the bulk of the plasma membrane of the cell are a) phospholipids 4. In the following three columns, cell constituents, biochemical components and biochemical functions are listed. Which of the triads has a meaning? a) cytoplasm b) nucleus guanine synthesis of RNA c) Golgi apparatus e) none of the triads is meaningful 5. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? a) the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall c) whether or not the cell divides by mitosis d) whether or not the cell contains DNA 6. Chitin is a polysaccharide found as a constituent of: a) bacterial cell walls b) Penicillium cell walls 7. Which of the following are released from the cell by the secretory pathway (endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane)? a) polysaccharides 8. The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell corresponds to 0.9 % NaCl. Sodium and chlorine ions cannot pass freely through the membrane, but water and urea can. In which of the following solutions will red blood cells shrink most due to osmosis? a) physiological saline solution 9. Plant cells act as osmometers: a) in a hypotonic medium the vacuole shrinks b) in a hypertonic medium the cell shrinks c) in a hypotonic medium the cell expands d) in a hypertonic medium the vacuole shrinks e) none of the answers is correct 10. RNA synthesis takes place in: a) lysosomes and peroxisomes 11. Flagellum composed of microtubular bundles is responsible for locomotion of: a) bacteriophages e) none of the answers is correct 12. A bacteriophage is: a) virus that lyses bacteria c) a white blood cell capable of phagocytosis of bacteria d) bacterium capable of phagocytosis 13. Structures responsible for cytoplasm streaming and cytokinesis are: a) cellulosic microfibrils 14. The cell contains three types of RNA. These are called: a) transfer, ribosomal and mitochondrial e) none of the answers is correct 15. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that a) is localised in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells c) is present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells d) functions in chloroplasts and mitochondria e) none of the answers is correct 16. Endocytosis is accomplished by: a) invaginations in the plasma membrane d) release of hydrolytic enzymes from lysosomes e) none of the answers is correct 17. Which is the correct order of cell cycle phases? a) G1→ G2 → S→ M 18. Thickness of the plasma membrane is a) 0.75 nm e) none of the answers is correct 19. Plants are part of a group known as a a) genus e) none of the answers is correct 20. Which of the following statements on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins is false? a) Incorporation of each amino acid into a newly synthesized polypeptide is defined by a nucleotide triplet in mRNA b) The set of rules which match appropriate amino acids to individual codons is known as the genetic code. c) The end of a translation process is signaled by a termination codon. d) A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is termed a structural gene. e) None of the answers is correct 21. Crossing over is: a) a synonym for chromosome segregation b) assortment of new sets of chromosomes c) exchange of chromosome segments between maternal and paternal chromatids d) reduction in the number of chromosomes in a set e) none of the answers is correct 22. All offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation of this pattern of inheritance is: a) pleiotropy 23. What are the probable genotypes of the parents in a cross that gives a 3:1 phenotype ratio? a) AA x Aa e) none of the answers is correct 24. The alleles of a given gene a) always occur in two copies b) occupy the same loci on homologous chromosomes c) carry information for different proteins with the same function
d) are localized on different loci of the same chromosome
e) none of the answers is correct
25. The nucleotide sequence of a DNA triplet is GTA. During transcription this triplet is transcribed
to mRNA codon. In the process of protein synthesis, tRNA anticodons pair with the mRNA codons.
Which is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon which matches to the DNA triplet?
a) CAT
26. A linkage group is: a) a group of genes residing on one chromosome b) a group of genes coding for one metabolic pathway c) a set of characters invariably inherited together for many generations d) a set of chromosomes originating from one parent e) none of the answers is correct 27. Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system? a) brain e) none of the answers is correct 28. The pancreas secretes insulin in response to a) an increase in body temperature b) hormonal signals from the anterior pituitary gland c) a decrease in blood glucose d) an increase in blood glucose e) none of the answers is correct 29. During embryonic development, the sperm and the ovum combine to form a) a morula e) none of the answers is correct 30. The structure of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body is a) the axon e) none of the answers is correct 31. Which of the following is not on the recommended list for maintaining good health? a) eat a balanced diet and eat breakfast regularly b) avoid snacking on sweets and fatty foods c) exercise regularly 32. The richly vascular layer surrounding bones is known as the a) periosteum 33. Skeletal muscle cells a) are long highly branched cells with many nuclei b) are identical in appearance to smooth muscle cells found in the heart c) contain contractile filaments made of actin and myosin d) are primarily under involuntary control e) none of the answers is correct 34. The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea is a) soft palate e) none of the answers is correct 35. Which of the following is not true? a) The muscular layer of the heart is called the myocardium b) The pulmonary circuit of the cardiovascular system transports blood from the heart to the lungs c) Blood is transported to the body via the vena cavae d) The left ventricle pumps blood that is distributed to the head and the rest of the body e) none of the above 36. The corpus luteum is formed: a) in menopause 37. Which of the following is not part of the body of evidence supporting the theory of evolution? a) the fossil record 38.Which of the following statements is not true: a) Biocenosis includes phytocenosis and zoocenosis b) Biocenosis interacts with abiotic factors, forming an ecosystem c) Biotope, the environment of biocenosis, is the complex of biotic factors d) Biom is a region characterized by a distinct climate and a particular assemblage of plants and animals adapted to it. e) none of the above 39. The process of photosynthesis consumes______ and produces_______: a) chlorophyll.H 40. Which of the following was regarded by Ch. Darwin as the major factor of evolution? a) natural selection

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