Index
Bold type has been used for major references.
adenosylhomomethionine
9
abietadiene 271,
273
adenosylmethionine
9
abietic acid 271, 273,
275
adonirubin
419 ,
421
acacetin
405
agmatine 59-61,
434
acetic acid 165,
168 , 169
ajugose 142,
149
alanine
13 , 53, 62
β-alanine
34 , 203
acetoin
165 , 167
substituted
51 ,
52
alanylhistidine
76
alanylmethylhistidines,
76
acetylglucosamine
136 , 159
albizziine
53
alcohols
63
acetylmuramic acid
138
monoterpenic
242-246
phenolic
319
aldehydes
62
monoterpenic
247-249
phenolic
319
ACP 81, 201,
203
Aleurites fordii , see
Vernicia fordii
alizarin
393
alk(en)ylcysteines
43
sulfoxides
43 -45
alkaloids
432
Michael 45, 401,
443
cinchona 433,
445
lupin 433,
444
piperidine
433
N -substituted
35
sulfur-containing
43
pyrrolidine
433
pyrrolizidine 433,
437 -440
quinoline 433,
445
quinolizidine 433,
444
aminobutyrylhistidine
76
pyridine
433
steroidal 295, 433,
453
aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
39 , 74
alkannin
391 ,
392
aminoethanesulfinic acid, see hypotaurine
allomelanins 380,
382
aminosugars
136
A. muscaria 50, 54, 385, 387, 389
amyrins 282,
283 , 296-298
anabasine 433,
435
amino acids
1
anatabine 433,
435
angelic acid 441,
442
heterocyclic
49
anhydrothreonine, see aminobutenoic acid
ascorbic acid 135, 220,
222-224 , 383, 386,
asparagine
6 , 7
antheraxanthin 302,
419 ,
421 ,
422
anthocyanidins 399,
403-404 , 409
aspartic acid
6 -8, 62, 203, 387
astaxanthin
419 ,
421
astringin 353,
354
atrochrysone
394
anthraquinones 388,
391 -393
aureusidin 405,
407
aurones 399,
403
apigenin 359
, 405
avenanthramides
332 ,
333
apiose
133 , 157
avenasterol 291,
294
apocarotenals
176 , 177
ayapin
345
apocarotenoids 300,
423
azoxyglycosides 456,
461
Arabidopsis thaliana 102, 121, 462
Bacillus subtilis 37, 154, 190, 206
arabinose 131,
133 ,
144
arachidonic acid 90, 98, 112, 113, 119, 120
Archangelica officinalis , see
arginine 1,
4 , 49, 59, 60, 434, 439
benzaldehyde
316 ,
317 , 320
benzoic acid
316 ,
317
bracteatin 405,
407
benzoic acids
316 , 325
benzoquinones
383 ,
384 , 388,
389
benzyl acetate 320,
326
benzyl alcohol 320, 325,
326
benzyl benzoate 325,
326
brassicasterol 291,
293
bergapten
346 -
348
bergaptol
346 -
348
betalains 43,
385
betalamic acid 385,
386 , 387
butanediol
165 , 167
betanidin
386 , 387, 432
betaxanthins 385,
386
butyphthalide 366,
367
biacetyl
165 , 167, 168
biochanin A 357,
359
biotin 17, 80,
206 -208
caffeic acid
315 , 316, 325, 327
bisdemethoxycurcumin
414 ,
415
caffeine 326,
449 -
453
bisnoryangonin 353,
355
bixin
423 ,
424
caffeoylquinic acids 326,
328
esters
423 ,
424
blumenols 303,
304
callose 150, 155,
156
calycin 389,
390
Camellia sinensis 296, 400, 409, 451
campesterol 280, 291,
293
canaline
56 , 57
catechins 399, 400,
403-404 , 406, 407, 409
catecholamines 43, 58,
59 , 220
canavanine
56 , 57
cellulose 132, 150, 155,
156
canthaxanthin
419 ,
421
cembrene 271,
272
Centaurium erythraea 255, 396, 397
capsaicin 448-
450
capsanthin
419 ,
422
chaconine 453,
456
chalcones 348, 399,
400 , 401, 403
capsorubin
419 ,
422
chitin 136,
159
chlorogenic acids
325 -
327
carnitine
38 , 100
chlorophyllide 272,
274 ,
378
chlorophylls 231, 272,
274 ,
377 ,
379
cholecalciferol
178 , 179
carotenes 173, 176, 299-301, 305, 306,
415 ,
416, 417,
419 ,
420
cholesterol
178 , 280, 287,
288 , 289,
290 ,
carotenoids 231, 236,
415
carrots 146, 173, 301, 302, 336, 340, 345,
choline 35, 37, 108, 110,
114 , 325
carthamin
402
chrysanthemic acid 244, 252,
253
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium 252
casbene 271,
272
chrysophanol 393,
394
acyloin
443
Claisen 79, 81,
84 , 351, 400
Dieckmann 186,
351 ,
352 , 382
cinchonidine
445 ,
447
cinchonine
445 ,
447
coniferin
339 ,
340
coniferyl alcohol 319, 320, 323, 333, 337,
cinnamic acid
315 -321
amides
331
coproporhyrinogen
376
cinnamic acids
315 -320, 325
C. cassia , see
C. aromaticum
cornussiin 340,
342
cinnamoylquinic acid
328
coumaric acid
315 , 316, 321, 325
coumarin
343 ,
344
coumarins
340 -342
coumaroylquinic acids 326,
328
coumestrol 360-
362
cobalamins
210 -220
creatine 35, 36,
49
creatinine 36,
49
Coccus cacti , see
Dactylopius coccus
coenzyme A 201,
203
crinosterol
293
crocetin
423 ,
425
esters
423 -
425
crocin
423 ,
425
cryptochlorogenic acid
327
cryptoxanthin 173, 176, 301, 302,
419 ,
421
daidzein 357,
358 , 359, 361
daidzin 357,
358
cucurbitacins
2
damascenone 304,
305
damascols
304 ,
305 , 307
curcumin
414 ,
415
damascones
304 ,
305
curcuminoids 356,
412 ,
414
cutin 81,
104
cyanides
51
dehydroascorbic acid 220,
226
cyanidin
406
glycosides
406
dehydrocholesterol 178, 179, 288,
290
cyanoalanine
51
cyanogens
456
cyanolipids, 456
462-463
dehydrovomifoliol 303,
304
cyclitols
141
cycloartenol 280,
282 , 292,
293
demethoxycurcumin
414 ,
415
cycloeucalenol 292,
293
demethyloleuropein 255-
257
demethylsuberosin
346 ,
347
deoxyapigenin 357,
358
deoxylactucin
269
deoxyloganin
254 , 255
cysteine 6, 8, 15,
17 , 18, 20, 30, 31, 48, 49,
desmosterol 288-
290 , 292
desoxyhemigossypol
427
cystine 30,
31
cytisine
446
DHA
90 , 112
diaminopropionic acid
53
diosgenin 298,
299
dicoumarol 343,
344
diphenols
383 ,
384
dihydroactindiolide 305,
306
diterpenic alcohols
272
diterpenoids 236,
271
dihydrofolic acid 208,
209 , 210
divinylchlorophyllide
378
divinylprotochlorophyllide 377,
378
DOPA 59, 63, 64, 256, 328, 380, 385, 387
cyclo -dopa 385,
386
seco -dopa 54,
386 -
388
dopachrome
381
dihydrotricetin
401
dopamine 43,
59 , 60, 332, 432
dopaquinone 380,
381 ,
386 , 387
dihydroxybenzoic acids
318
dormantinol 454,
456
dormantinone 454,
456
ether
244, 251
Ectothiorhodospira , see
Halorhodospira
dimethylbenzimidazole 193, 194,
196 , 219,
dimethylglycine
35 -37
emodin 393,
394
ethylene
37 , 39, 51, 74
anthranol
395
anthrone
394 ,
395
bianthrone
395
eugenol 323,
324
eumelanins
380 ,
381
euphol 282,
283 , 285, 287
epicatechins
403-404
FAD 193, 194,
196
fagopyritols 142,
149
episterol
293 , 294
fatty acids
79 -82, 106
acetylenic 91,
93 , 94
alicyclic
97
branched-chain 91,
94
epoxysqualene
279 -
281 , 282, 283, 285
cyclopropane
97
ergocalciferol
179 , 294
cyclopropene
97
epoxy 91,
99
eridictyol 359,
401
hydroperoxides
121
hydroxy 91,
100
erythroascorbic acid
225 , 227
long-chain
85 ,
86 , 89
medium-chain
85
Escherichia col , 29, 37, 61, 189, 206
esculetin
345
oxo 91,
100 , 101
saturated
80
phenolic
324
ethanol 163-165,
168 , 169
ethanolamine 108, 110,
114
acetic acid 163,
168 , 169
galactosamine
136
galactose 117, 131, 132,
135
galacturonic acid
132 , 156
gallic acid
318
ethanol 163,,
168
heterolactic
165
homolactic
163
lactic acid 162,
163
malolactic
165
G. augusta , see
G. jasminoides
propionic acid 162,
169
gardenoside
426
ferulic acid 157,
315 , 316, 325, 450
feruloylquinic acids 326,
328
geniposide
426
genistein 357,
359
flavanonoles 399,
403-404
flaviolin 382,
383
gentiopicroside
255
flavones 399,
403-404
flavonoids 351,
397
geosmin 251, 267,
268
flavonolignans
361
geranylacetone
300
Foeniculum vulgare 87, 248, 324, 366
folacin
208
formononetin 357,
358 , 359, 361
gingerols
356
fructans 145,
154
fucose 131,
135 , 225
glucitol
140
furanocoumarins 341,
346
glucobrassicanapin 464,
467
galactooligosaccharides 142, 147,
148
glucofructans
154
glycogen 132,
151
glucoiberin 464,
467
glucoibervirin 464,
467
glycosaminoglycans 136,
159 , 160
gluconapin 464,
467
cyanogenic 42, 51,
456 -
461 , 465
gluconapoleiferin 464,
467
pseudocyanogenic 456,
461
glucosamine
136 , 159
glucosinolates 46, 459,
462-466
glucosylnicotinic acid
200
gossypol 262,
426 ,
427
glucuronic acid
132 ,
133
glutamic acid
1- 3, 13, 35, 42, 50, 51, 62, 63,
glutamine
1- 3, 27, 28
glutamyl(di)peptides 40, 44,
72
glutamylcysteinylglycine, see glutathione
gulose
135
glutathione 17, 41, 45, 46,
72 , 73, 381
glyceollidin
362
glycerogalactolipids
117 -119
glyceroglycolipids
105 , 106, 117
glycerophospholipids 97,
105 -107, 117
glycine 15,
16 , 17, 35-38, 62, 190, 212
betaine
35 , 37
hemes
377
substituted
50
hemiarin
345
hemigossypol
427
glycinol 361,
362
glycitein 357,
358 , 359
hydrangenol 348,
350
monoterpenic 237,
240
sesquiterpenic
258 ,
262-264
hexanal
121
hydroxyamino acids
43
hexenals
121
hexenol
121
histidine 21, 27,
28 , 29, 30, 59
dipeptides 34,
76
hydroxycyclocitral
306 , 423
hydroxyferulic acid
315
homocarnosine, see aminobutyrylhistidine
homogalacturonan
156 -158
hydroxyionones 302,
303
hydroxylysine 30,
32 , 220
hydroxymethylbilane 212,
375
hopanteic acid, see homopantothenic acid
hydroxyproline 30,
31 , 220
hotrienol 244,
250 ,
251
humulone 363-
365
hydroxyxanthones 397,
398
hygroaurins 387,
388
hypericin 394,
395
isoleucine 6,
10 , 12, 13, 62-64, 103, 364,
isoliquiritigenin
402
hypoglycins
40 , 41, 74
I. religiosum , see
I. anisatum
myo -inositol 108, 113,
142 , 143, 148, 149
isothiocyanates
467 ,
468
isovitexin
405
ionols
304
ionones 176, 301,
304
iridoids 252,
424
juglone 390,
391
isochlorogenic acid
327
isochromenes
411
isocoumarins
348
kaurene 271,
273 , 275
isoeugenol
324
kaurenoic acid
276
isoflavones
357 , 359, 361, 401
isoformononetin 357,
358 , 359
isofucosterol
294
monoterpenic
247-249
lactic acid 162,
163 -
165
lignans
332 ,
333 , 412
lignin
332 ,
337 -
339
lactose
147
ligstroside 255-
257
lactucaxanthin 302,
419 ,
422
lilac aldehyde 244, 250,
251
lactucin
269
limonin
285 , 286
lanosterol 280,
282
limonoids 284,
285
lariciresinol
335 ,
336
glycoside
250 ,
251
oxides 244,
250 ,
251
lathosterol
290
linoleic acid 89,
90 , 92-94, 100, 112, 119,
lipids
79 ,
105
peroxidation
119
L. officinalis , see
L. angustifolia
lipoic acid
101 , 102
lavandulol 244, 252,
253
Lawsonia alba , see
L. inermis
liquiritigenin 357-359, 401,
402
loganic acid
254 , 255, 426
loganin
254 , 255
leucine 13,
14 , 15, 41, 62-64, 103, 387, 441,
leucoanthocyanidins 399,
403-404 , 409
leucodopachrome
381
lupanine 445,
446
lupeol 282,
283
marmesin
346 ,
347
lupinine 445,
446
medicarpin 360,
362 , 361
lutein 177, 302,
419 ,
421
melanins 43,
380
lycopene
300 ,
416 -
419
melilotic acid 343,
344
lysine 6,
9 , 10, 30, 80, 220, 437, 445
lysophosphatidic acid
107
lysophosphatidylcholine
115
lysophosphatidylethanolamine
115
lysophosphatidylinositol
115
lysophosphatidylserine
115
menthatriene
250
malonyldaidzin 357,
358
methionine 6,
8 , 17, 19, 39, 40, 41, 46, 62,
methoxymellein 348,
351
methylazoxymethanol
461-462
methyl benzoate 325,
326
mannitol
141
mannosamine
136
methyl salicylate 325,
326
muscaflavin 387,
388
mushrooms 99, 123, 141, 226, 260, 385, 386
methylhistidine 30,
32
methylisoborneol 244, 251,
252 , 267
myrcene 237,
238 , 324
methylsalicylate
326
NADH 196,
198
NADPH
198
naphthoquinones 181, 185, 388,
390
naringenin 357-359,
401 , 402
chalcone 351,
40 1, 407
necic acids 439,
441
mevaldic acid
232
esters 441,
443
mevalonic acid
231 , 232, 233
necines
439
neochlorogenic acid
327
mimosine
52
monascin 412,
413
monascusone 412,
413
neoxanthin 302,
419 ,
422
monoterpenes 235,
236-238 ,
242
monoterpenoids 235,
236
oxide 244,
251
neurosporene
416 ,
417 ,
419
niacin
196- 201, 435
nicotianamine
54 -56
nicotinamide
196 -199
oleic acid 82,
87 , 89, 93, 97, 100, 107
nicotine
433 -
435
oleosides 255-
257
oleuropein 43, 255-
257
oligosaccharides
144
nonadienals
121
nonenal
121
nootkatone 267,
268
norbixin
423 ,
424
ornithine 1, 4,
6 ,
434 , 439
nornicotine 433,
435
nucleotide sugars
130 -136
oxalic acid 220,
227
oxalylalanine, see oxalyldiaminopropionic
obtusifoliol 292,
293
ocimene 237,
238
oxoedulanes 302,
303
octenol
123
oxoionones 302,
303 ,305
Perilla frutescens , see
P. nankinensis
perillyl alcohol 244,
250
perillyl aldehyde 244, 249,
250
palmitic acid 80-
83 , 87, 107, 112
palmitoleic acid
87
Petroselinum crispum 87, 324, 366
pantothenic acid 34, 48,
201-202
phenethyl alcohol, see phenylethyl alcohol
phenolic acids
315 -320
phenolics
314
phenylacetaldehyde 63, 321,
323
phenylalanine
20 , 21, 26, 59, 63, 64, 184,
3-phenylcoumarins 341, 345,
357 , 399
phenylethyl alcohol 63, 64, 321,
323
phenyllactic acid
323 , 325
phenylpropanoids 314, 315, 321, 331, 333,
pectin 150,
156 -158
phenylpyruvic acid 26, 390, 321,
323
pheomelanins 380,
381
phloroglucinols
363-365
phorbol
274
peonidin glycosides
406
phosphatides 108,
110
phosphatidic acid
107 , 110
phosphatidylcholine
111
phosphatidylethanolamine 97,
111 , 112
peptides
72
phosphatidylglycerol 97,
113
phosphatidylinositol 97,
113 , 143
peptidoglycans 13, 136,
138
phosphatidylserine
111 ,
112
phosphoadenosinephosphosulfate
17
phosphocreatine
49
plastoquinones 173, 181,
184 , 185, 220, 231
phthalides 363,
366
plumbagin 391,
392
phyllodulcin 348,
350
physciol
394
polyamines 8, 34, 58,
60
phytic acid 142,
143
polyketides 79,
349-352
polyporic acid 389,
390
phytoene
300 , 415,
416 ,
417
phytofluene
416 ,
417
polysaccharides
150
phytol 95, 272,
274
piceatannol 353,
354
piceid 353,
354
porphobilinogen 212,
375
picrocrocin
306 , 423
pigments
373
pimelic acid 206-
208
precarthamin
402
pinoresinol 334,
335
pipecolic acid
49
proanthocyanidins, see tannins condensed
piperine
435 ,
438
piperitol 334,
335
progoitrin 464,
467
proline 1,
4 , 30, 220
propenylcysteine sulfoxide, see isoalliin
plasmalogens 108,
116
Propionibacterium freudenreichii 169, 217
propionic acid 13, 83,
169
quassin
285 , 286, 287
quassinoids 284,
286
Quercus borealis , see
Q. rubra
protocatechuic acid
318
Q
. pedunculata , see
Q. robur
protochlorophyllide
378
protohypericin
395
protoporphyrin
376
protoporphyrinogen
376
quinidine
445 ,
447
quinine
445 ,
447
prunetin
359
przewalskinic acid, see prolithospermic acid
quinones 181,
388
methides
338 , 409
pseudoionone
300
psoralen
346 -
348
pterocarpans
360 ,
361
raffinose 141, 142, 148,
149
pulvinic acid 389,
390
putrescine 4, 60-62,
434 , 439
Wagner-Meerwein 236, 239,
242 , 277,
resveratrol 353,
354
salicylic acid
317 ,
318
retinol
173 , 176
S. officinalis 245, 248, 277, 327
salvianolic acid, see lithospermic acids
rhamnogalacturonans 133,
156 -158
rhamnose
133
rhein 393,
394
santalins 345, 409-
411
Rhus hirta , see
R. typhina
riboflavin
193 -196, 209
saponins
294
steroidal 291,
298
triterpenoid
295
sarcosine
35 -37
rose oxide 244, 250,
251
sarracinic acid 441,
442
rosmarinic acid
327 , 328
Rosmarinus officinalis 245, 277, 325, 327
scoparon
345
scopoletin
345
scytalone 382,
383
rubropunctatin 412,
413
secoisolariciresinol
335 ,
336 , 337
secologanic acid
254 , 255
secologanin
254 , 255, 447, 448
saccharides
128
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 9, 17, 51, 81,
saccharose 131, 141,
146 ,
147 , 148, 151
safflor yellow
402
safranal
306 , 423
selenocysteine 15,
19 , 20
solanidine
453 -
455
solanine 453,
456
senecioic acid 441,
442
S. lycopersicum 95, 300, 417, 433, 454
S. malacoxylon , see
S. glaucophyllum
solasodine 454,
456
serine
15 , 16, 28, 30, 108, 114, 129, 387
sesamin 334,
335
sesamolin 334,
335
sesquiterpenoids 235,
258
soyasaponins
296
shikimic acid 20, 21,
23 , 24, 255, 315, 390
sparteine 445,
446
shogaols
356
silybin 361,
363
sphingophospholipids 105,
108
sinapic acid
315
squalene 277,
278 , 279, 292
S. nigra , see
Brassica nigra
stachyose 42, 148,
149
sinapoylesters
331
starch 106, 145, 151,
152 , 153
stearic acid 82, 86,
87 , 92, 112, 113
sinigrin 464,
467
steroids 236,
277 ,
287
sitosterol 280, 291, 292,
294
steviol
276
taxadiene 271,
272
stevioside
276
stigmasterol 280, 291,
294
stilbenes 348,
351 , 400
stizolobic acid
54
stizolobinic acid
54
tellimagrandin 340,
342
terpenes
231 , 235
terpenoids
231 , 235
higher 299,
307
styrylpyrones
353
alcohols
140
phosphates
128 -136
sulfinoalanine, see cysteine sulfinic acid
tetraterpenoids 236,
299 ,
300
theaflavins 409,
410
thearubigins 400, 409,
410
theaspiranes 303,
304
theobromine
449 -
453
theophylline 450,
452
tannins
339 ,
406
condensed 339, 400,
406 -409
hydrolyzable
339
thiamine 17,
189 , 233
diphosphate 189-
191
taraxasterol 282,
283
tarennoside
426
tartaric acid 220,
226 , 330
taurine
47 -49
degraded
284
threonic acid 220,
226
threonine 6,
7 , 40, 62, 64, 218, 441
tryptophan 15, 21,
27 , 28, 59, 64, 199, 315,
tiglic acid 441,
442
tyrosine
20 , 21, 26, 43, 59, 63, 64, 184, 190,
tocopherols
182 -184, 220, 273
tomatidenol
454 -
455
ubiquinones 173, 181,
184 , 231, 308, 389
umbelliferone
34 5
tomatoes 34, 74, 95, 146, 301, 302, 304-306,
trachelanthic acid 441,
442
uroporphyrinogen 213,
375
trehalose
145 , 146
triacylglycerols
105 ,
106 , 107
vaccenic acid 87,
92 , 93
valencene 267,
268
valine 10, 13,
14 , 45, 62-64, 103, 202, 365,
Vanilla fragrans , see
V. planifolia
Trigonella foenum-graecum 201, 298
vanillin 320,
322 , 449
verazine
456
verbascose 142, 148,
149
triterpenoids
277 ,
279
vermelone 382,
383
vulpinic acid
390
verticillene
272
vestitone 361,
362
violaxanthin 302,
419 ,
421 ,
422
xanthones
396 ,
397
viridifloric acid 441,
442
xanthophylls 173, 299, 302, 415,
417
xylose
133 ,
144
B6
204 , 205
yamogenin 298,
299
D 173,
178
yangonin
355
E 173,
181
K 173, 181,
185 , 343
zeacarotene
419 ,
421
vitamins
173
zeaxanthin 300, 306,
419 ,
422 , 423
zeinoxanthin 418,
421
fat-soluble
173
water-soluble
189
vitexin
405
zymosterol
290 , 292, 294
Source: http://ossis.kat.cz/texty/biosynthesis-index.pdf
9th Annual Conference of the International FES SocietyA Pilot Study to investigate the effects of Functional ElectricalStimulation on gait in Parkinson’s Disease Mann GE 1, Finn SM 1, Taylor PN 1 1 Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury,Wiltshire SP2 8BJ. Abstract 1 Introduction Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH Phytother. Res. 17 , 797–800 (2003) PROMOTION OF HAIR GROWTH BY GINSENG RADIXPublished online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI : 10.1002/ptr.1241 Promotion of Hair Growth by Ginseng Radix on Cultured Mouse Vibrissal Hair Follicles Hideaki Matsuda1*, Miho Yamazaki1, Yusuke Asanuma2 and Michinori Kubo1 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ki
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