Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
Aids to Understanding Words:
Define the following word parts: append-
1.1 Introduction
a. How did ancient healers begin their study of the human body? b. How did the scientific study of the human body begin?
1.2 Anatomy and Physiology
a. Explain how the structure of the fingers is related to their grasping function. b. Are new discoveries more likely in anatomy or physiology? EXPLAIN.
1.3 Characteristics of Life
a. Describe the following characteristics of life:
Absorption Assimilation Circulation Excretion
1.4 Maintenance of Life
a. Match the terms in the first column with the statements in the second column that define their role in the maintenance of life. _____ 1. water
b. governs the rate of chemical reactions
c. creates a pressing or compressing action
e. provides chemicals for building new living matter
b. Why are observations of the vital signs important to nurses and physicians? List the four vital signs. c. Define homeostasis. d. How is body temperature maintained at 37°C (98.6° F)?
1.5 Levels of Organization Arrange the following structures in increasing levels of complexity:
atoms, organ systems, organelles, organism, organs, macromolecules, cells, tissues, molecules
1.6 Organization of the Human Body
a. The dorsal cavity is subdivided into the _______________________ cavity and the _____________________________ canal. b. Answer the following concerning the ventral cavity:
1. The ventral cavity is subdivided into the _______________________ cavity and the
2. The ________________ divides the ventral cavity.
3. List the viscera found in each portion of the ventral cavity.
c. List four smaller cavities of the body:
d. Answer the following concerning the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes: 1. The walls of the thoracic cavity are lined with a membrane called the ______________________ ________________________. 2. The lungs are covered by the ____________________ _______________________.
3. Why is the pleural cavity called a potential space?
4. Name and describe the membranes covering the heart.
5. The linings of the abdominopelvic cavity are the _____________________
____________________ and the _____________________ ______________________.
1.7 Anatomical Terminology a. Using the illustration, specify the terms that describe the relationship of one point on the body to another.
b. Using the illustration ABOVE, perform the following exercises.
1. Draw a line through to indicate a midsagittal section AND LABEL IT. 2. Draw a line through the drawing to indicate a transverse section AND LABEL IT. 3. Define cross section, longitudinal section, and oblique section.
c. Using the illustration BELOW, perform the following exercises.
4. Locate AN D LABEL the following body regions
5. Locate AND LABEL the following body parts on the
diagram: antebrachium, antecubital, axillary, brachial,
buccal, cervical, groin, inguinal, mammary, ophthalmic, palmar, and pectoral.
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1.7 Anatomical Terminology