Evaluation Scheme Mid Sessional Subjects Subject Name PRACTICAL/PROJECT L: Lecture; T: Tutorial; P: Practical; CT: Class Test; As: Assignment; At: Attendance. DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY (IInd Year) PHARMACEUTICS II
(i) Prescriptions-Reading and understanding of prescription; Latin terms commonly used
(Detailed study is not necessary), Modern methods of prescribing, adoption of metric system.
(ii) Incompatibilities in Prescriptions-Study of various types of incompatibilities-physical,
(iii) Posology. Dose and Dosage of drugs, Factors influencing dose, Calculations of doses
on the basis of age, sex and surface area. Veterinary doses.
(Note: A detailed study of the following dispensed medication is necessary. Methods of
preparation with theoretical and practical aspects, use of appropriate containers and closures.
Special labelling requirements and storage conditions should be high-lighted).
(i) Powders-Types of powders-Advantages and disadvantages of powders, Granules,
Cachets and Tablet triturates. Preparation of different types of powders encountered in
prescriptions. Weighing methods, possible errors in weighing, minimum weighable amounts
and weighing of material below the minimum weighable amount, geometric dilution and
proper usage and care of dispensing balance.
(a). Monophasic. Theoretical aspects including commonly used vehicles, essential adjuvant
like stabilizers, colourants and flavours, with examples.
Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical
Liquids for external administration or used on mucus membranes.
Ear Drops Nasal drops & Sprays Liniments Lotions.
(i) Suspension (elementary study)----Suspensions containing diffusible solids and liquids
and their preparations. Study of the adjuvants used like thickening agents, wetting agents,
their necessity and quantity to be incorporated. Suspensions of precipitate forming liquids
like, tinctures, their preparations and stability. Suspensions produced by chemical reaction.
An introduction to flocculated, non-flocculated suspension system.
(ii) Emulsions-Types of emulsions, identification of emulsion system, formulation of
emulsions, selection of emulsifying agents. Instabilities in emulsions. Preservation of
(a) Ointments. Types of ointments, classification and selection of dermatological vehicles.
Preparation and stability of ointments by the following processes:
(i) Trituration (ii) Fusion (iii) Chemical reaction (iv) Emulsification.
(b) Pastes--- Difference between ointments and pastes, bases of pastes. Preparation of
(c) Jellies-An introduction to the different types of jellies and their preparation.
(e) Suppositories and pessaries-Their relative merits and demerits, types of suppositories,
suppository bases, classification, properties, Preparation and packing of suppositories. Use of
Introduction to Dentrifices, Facial cosmetics, Deodorants, Antiperspirants, Shampoos, Hair
(a) Parenteral dosage forms. Definitions, General requirements for parenteral dosage
forms. Types of parenteral formulations, vehicles, adjuvants, processing, personnel, facilities
and Quality control. Preparation of Intravenous fluids and admixtures-Total parenteral
(b) Sterility testing, Particulate matter monitoring-Faulty seal packaging.
(c) Ophthalmic Products-Study of essential characteristics of different ophthalmic
preparations. Formulation additives, special precautions in handling and storage of
DPH-201P PHARMACEUTICS II (Practical)
Dispensing of at least 100 products covering a wide range of preparations such as mixtures, emulsions, lotions, liniments, E.N.T, preparations, ointments, suppositories, powders, incompatible prescriptions etc.
Books recommended :(Latest editions) PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTY II 1. Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic system containing up to 3 rings. 2. The Chemistry of following Pharmaceutical organic compounds, covering their
nomenclature, chemical structure, uses and the important Physical and Chemical properties
(Chemical structure of only those compounds marked with asterisk (*).
The stability and storage conditions and the different type of Pharmaceutical formulations of
these drugs and their popular brand names.
Antiseptics and Disinfectants-Proflavine, * Benzalkoniumchloride, Cetrimide, Chlorocresol*,
Chloroxylene, Formaldehyde solution, Hexachlorophene, Liquified phenol, Nitrofurantoin.
Sulfonamides-Sulfadiazine, Sulfaguanidine*, Phthalysulfathiazole, Succinylsulfathiazole,
Antileprotic Drugs-Clofazimine, Thiambutosine, Dapsone*, Solapsone.
Thiacetazone, Ethionamide, Cycloserine, Pyrazinamide*.
hydroxyquinolines, diloxanidefuroate, Paramomycin Piperazine*, Mebendazole, D.E.C*,.
Antibiotics-Benzyl Penicillin*, Phenoxy methyl Penicillin*, Benzathine Penicillin
Ampicillin*, Cloxacillin, Carbenicillin, Gentamicin, Neomycin , Erythromycin ,
Tetracycline, Cephalexin, Cephaloridine , Cephalothin, Griseofulvin , Chloramphenicol.
Antifungal agents-Undecylenic acid, Tolnaftate, Nystatin, Amphotericin, Hamycin.
Antimalarial Drugs-Chloroquine*, Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine*,
Hypnotics—Phenobarbitone*, Butobarbitone, Cyclobarbitone, Nitrazepam, Glutethimide*,
Methyprylone, Paraldehyde, Triclofos sodium.
General Anaesthetics-Halothane*, Cyclopropane*, Diethyl ether*, Methohexital sodium,
Analeptics-Theophylline, Caffeine*,Coramine*, Dextroamphetamine.
Adrenergic Drugs-Adrenaline*, Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline*, Phenylephrine Salbutamol,
Terbutaline, Ephedrine *, Pseudoephedrine.
Adrenergic Antagoinst-Tolazoline, Propranolol*, Practolol.
Cholinergic Drugs-Neostigmine*,Pyridostigmine, Pralidoxime, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine*.
Cholinergic Antagonists-Atropine*, Hysocine, Homatropine, Propantheline*, Benztrophine,
Cardiovascular Drugs-Ethyl nitrite*, Glyceryl trinitrate, Alpha methyl dopa, Guanethidine,
Hypoglycemic Agents-Insulin, Chlorpropamide*, Tolbutamide, Glibenclamide, Phenformin
Coagulants and Anti-Coagulants-Heparin, Thrombin, Menadione*, Bishydroxycoumarin,
Local Anaesthetics-Lignocaine*, Procaine*, Benzocaine.
Histamine and Anti–histaminic Agents-Histamine, Diphenhydramine*, Promethazine,
Cyproheptadine, Mepyramine, Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine*.
Analgesics and Anti-pyretics–Morphin, Pethidine*, Codeine, Methadone, Aspirin*,
Paracetamol*, Analgin, Dextropropoxyphene, Pentazocine.
Oxyphenbutazone, Ibuprofen, Thyroxine and Antithyroids-Thyroxine*, Methimazole,
indigotindisulfonate, Indigo Carmine, Evans blue, Congo Red, Fluorescein Sodium .
*Anticonvulsants, cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmic antihypertensives & vitamins.
Steroidal Drugs-Betamethazone, Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, Progesterone,
Anti- Neoplastic Drugs-Actinomycins, Azathioprine, Busulphan, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin
Books Recommended :(Latest editions) DPH-202P PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II (Practical) 1. Systematic qualitative testing of organic drugs involving Solubility determination, melting
point and boiling point, detection of elements and functional groups (10 compounds).
2. Official identification test for certain groups of drugs included in the I.P like barbiturates,
sulfonamides, phenothiazine, Antibiotic etc (8 compounds).
3. Preparation of three simple organic preparations.
PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
1. Introduction to Pharmacology, scope of Pharmacology.
2. Routes of administration of drugs, their advantages and disadvantages.
3. Various processes of absorption of drugs and the factors affecting them, Metabolism,
4. General mechanism of drugs action and the factors which modify drug action.
5. Pharmacological classification of drugs. The discussion of drugs should emphasise the
(i)Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System:
(a) General anaesthetics, adjunction to anaesthesia, intravenuous anasesthetics.
(b) Analgesic antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Narcotic analgesics,
Antirheumatic and antigout remedies, Sedatives and Hypnotics, Psychopharmacological
(c) Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti parkinsonism agents
(iii) Drug acting on autonomic nervous system.
(a) Cholinergic drug, Anticholinergic drugs, anti cholinesterase drugs.
(b) Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic recepter blockers.
(c) Neurones blockers and ganglion blockers.
(d) Neuromuscular blockers, drugs used in myasthenia gravis.
(iv) Drugs acting on eye, mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma.
(v) Drugs acting on respiratory system-Respiratory stimulants, Bronchodilators, Nasal
decongestants, Expectorants and Antitussive agents.
(vi)Antacids, Physiological role of histamine and serotonin, Histamine and Antihistamines,
(vii) Cardio Vascular drugs, Cardiotonics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Antianginal agents,
Antihypertensive agents, Peripheral Vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.
(viii) Drugs acting on the blood and blood forming organs. Haematinics, Coagulants and anti
Coagulants, Haemostatics, Blood substitutes and plasma expanders.
(ix) Drugs affecting renal function-Diuretics and antidiuretics.
(x) Hormones and hormone antagonists-hypoglycemic agents, Antithyroid drugs, sex
hormones and oral contraceptives, corticosteroids.
(xi) Drugs acting on digestive system-Carminatives, digestants Bitters, Antacids and drugs
used in Peptic ulcer, purgatives, and laxatives, Antidiarrhoeals, Emetics, Antiemetics, Anti-
Chemotherapy of microbial disease ;Urinary antiseptics, Sulphonamides, Penicillins,
Streptomycin, Tetracylines and other antibiotics, Antitubercular agents, Antifungal agents,
6. Chemotherapy of protozoal diseases Anthelmintic drugs.
A detailed study of the action of drugs on each organ is not necessary.
DPH-203P PHARMACOLOGY (Practical)
The first six of the following experiments will be done by the students while the remaining
1. Effect of K+, Ca++, acetylcholine and adrenaline on frog's heart.
2. Effect of acetylcholine on rectus abdominis muscle of Frog and guinea pig ileum.
3. Effect on spasmogens and relaxants on rabbits intestine.
4. Effect of local anaesthetics on rabbit cornea.
5. Effect of mydriatics and miotics on rabbits eye.
6. To study the action of strychnine on frog.
9. Effect of convulsants and anticonvulsant in mice or rats.
11. Taming and hypnosis potentiating effect of chlorpromazine in mice/rats.
12. Effect of diphenhydramine in experimentally produced asthma in guinea pigs.
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
1. Origin and nature of Pharmaceutical legislation in India, its scope and objectives.
Evolution of the "Concept of Pharmacy" as an integral part of the Health Care System.
2. Principles and significance of Professional Ethics. Critical study of the code of
Pharmaceutical Ethics drafted by Pharmacy Council of India.
3. Pharmacy Act, 1948-The General study of the Pharmacy Act with special reference to
Education Regulations, working of State and Central Councils, constitution of these councils
and functions, Registration procedures under the Act.
4. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940—General study of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and
the Rules thereunder. Definitions and salient features related to retail and wholesale
distribution of drugs. The powers of Inspectors, the sampling procedures and the procedure
and formalities in obtaining licences under the rule. Facilities to be provided for running a
Pharmacy effectively. General study of the Schedules with special reference of schedules C,
C1, F, G, J, H, P and X and salient features of labelling and storage condition of drugs.
5. The Drug and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement) Act, 1945-General study of
the Act Objectives, special reference to be laid on Advertisements. Magic remedies and
objectionable and permitted advertisements-disease which cannot be claimed to be cured.
6. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985-A brief study of the act with
special reference to its objectives, offences and punishment.
7. Brief introduction to the study of the following acts.
1. Latest Drugs (Price Control) Order in force.
2. Poisons Act 1919 (as amended to date)
3. Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1995 (as amended to date)
4. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (as amended to date)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED (Latest edition)
Bare Acts of the said laws published by Government.
DRUG STORE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Part-I Commerce
1. Introduction-Trade, Industry and Commerce, Functions and subdivision of Commerce,
Introduction of Elements of Economics and Management.
4. Drug House Management-Selection of Site, Space Lay-out and legal requirements.
Importance and objectives of Purchasing, selection of suppliers, credit information, tenders,
contracts and price determination and legal requirements thereto.
Codification, handling of drug stores and other hospital supplies.
5. Inventory Control-objects and importance, modern techniques like ABC, VED analysis,
the lead time, inventory carrying cost, safety stock, minimum and maximum stock levels,
economic order quantity, scrap and surplus disposal.
6. Sales Promotion, Market Research, Salesmanship, qualities of a salesman, Advertising and
7. Recruitment, training, evaluation and compensation of the pharmacist.
8 Banking and Finance Service and functions of the bank, Finance Planning and sources of
Part-II Accountancy
1. Introduction to the accounting concepts and conventions, Double entry Book keeping,
4. Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet.
5. Simple technique of analysing financial statements.
Books Recommended (Latest edition) HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY Part-I Hospital Pharmacy
1. Hospitals Definition, Function, Classifications based on various criteria, organisation,
Management and Health delivery system in India.
(b) Functions and objectives of Hospital Pharmaceutical services.
(c) Location, Layout, Flow chart of material and men.
(d) Personnel and facilities requirements including equipments based on individual and
(e) Requirements and abilities required for Hospital pharmacists.
3. Drug Distribution system in Hospitals:
(b) In-patient services-(a) types of services (b) detailed discussion of unit Dose system,
Floor ward stock system, Satellite pharmacy services, Central sterile services, Bed Side
(a) Economical considerations, estimation of demand.
(b) Sterile manufacture-large and small volume parenterals, facilities, requirements, layout
production planning, man-power requirements.
(c) Non-sterile manufacture-Liquid orals, externals-bulk concentrates.
(d) Procurement of stores and testing of raw materials.
5. Nomenclature and uses of surgical instruments and Hospital Equipments and health
6. P.T.C (Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee), Hospital Formulary System and their
7. Drug Information service and Drug Information Bulletin.
8. Surgical dressing like cotton, gauze, bandages and adhesive tapes including their
pharmacopoeial tests for quality. Other hospital supply e.g I.V sets B.G sets, Ryals tubes,
9. Application of computer in maintenance of records, inventory control, medication
monitoring, drug information and data storage and retrieval in hospital and retail pharmacy
Part-II Clinical Pharmacy
1. Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy Practice-Definition, scope.
2. Modern dispensing aspects-Pharmacists and Patient counselling and advice for the use of
3. Common daily terminology used in the Practice of Medicine.
4. Disease, manifestation and pathophysiology including salient symptoms to understand the
disease like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cardiovascular diseases, Epilepsy,
5. Physiological parameters with their significance.
(c) Drug-drug interaction with reference to analgesics, diuretics, cardiovascular drugs,
Gastro-intestinal agents, Vitamins and Hypoglycemic agents.
(b) Drug-induced diseases and Teratogenicity.
8. Drugs in Clinical Toxicity-Introduction, general treatment of poisoning, systematic
antidotes. Treatment of insecticide poisoning, heavy metal poison, Narcotic drugs,
9. Drug dependences, Drug abuse, addictive drugs and their treatment, complications.
10. Bio-availability of drugs, including factors affecting it.
Books recommended (Latest editions)
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Hind Leg Paralysis Special Thanks are given to Bourbon, Teresa (Dancing), Chris (glidrz5), and Jen (Xfilefan) for their assistance to me in compiling information for this article. Also known as HLP, secondary metabolic bone disease, hypocalcemia, or calcium deficiency, hind leg paralysis is the body's inability to properly synthesize calcium, resulting in the bones not getting enoug