JJAP/APEX: Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
These instructions are intended for users of a standard word processor. If you use LATEX to
prepare your manuscript, please refer to the template file attached to our LATEX class file.
Paper size: A4 (21 × 29 cm2) or US Letter (8.5 × 11 in.)Font: Times New Roman or Times-Roman (larger than 12 pt)Line spacing: Larger than 1.5 timesPage layout:
title −→ author(s) −→ affiliation(s) −→ one blank line −→ abstract −→ page break −→ main text
−→ acknowledgment(s) −→ (Appendix) −→ page break −→ reference list −→ page break −→ figurecaption(s) −→ page break −→ table(s) −→ page break −→ figure(s)
Pagination: Page numbers should be consecutive throughout the manuscript including pages for tables and
The length of the paper can be estimated using the following approximations. In particular, be sure to estimatethe length of papers submitted as Rapid Communications, Brief Notes, and to APEX, which are limited to amaximum of three, two, and three printed pages, respectively.
Text: One line equals approximately 8.3 words −→ L1 (excluding from the title to abstract and figure captions)
Equations: One equation equals approximately two lines. If the equation contains fractions, sums or
integrals, etc., it is estimated to be three lines. −→ L2
Tables: Number of rows plus two lines −→ L3
Figures: Divide the height of each figure by 4 mm to obtain the number of lines and add two more lines −→
☞ Maximum size of Rapid Communications and APEX papers
• Abbreviations other than those listed in §11 are not acceptable in the title, since readers may not be
• Capitalize the initial letter of each word except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. • The authors’ first names should preferably be spelled out. • If the authors are from different institutions, a superscipt Arabic numeral, i.e., 1,2,., n, which
corresponds to the appropriate listed institution(s), should follow each author’s name, exceptauthor(s) belonging to the first-listed affiliation, which should be unnumbered. • Use no abbreviations. • Give adequate postal addresses including the ZIP or other postal code and the name of the country. • If an author’s present or permanent address differs from the given address, it should be given as a
footnote beginning with “Present address:” or “On leave from,” which is cited with a symbol(sequence: ∗, †, ‡, §, ¶, , ∗∗, ††, ‡‡).
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
• The corresponding author’s E-mail address can be given as a footnote beginning with “E-mail
• No more than 150 words for Regular Papers and Review Papers. • No more than 100 words for Rapid Communications, Brief Notes, and APEX papers. • Figures, tables, and references should not be cited in the abstract. • Each section should be numbered consecutively with an Arabic numeral.
Section: 1. Section TitleSubsection: 1.1 Subsection titleSubsubsection: 1.1.1 Subsubsection title
• Capitalize the initial letter of each word in section titles except articles, prepositions, and
• For subsections and subsubsections, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title. • Up to three orders of sections (i.e., up to subsubsection) are allowed. • There are no sections in Rapid Communications, Brief Notes, and APEX papers.
Paragraphs: Indent the beginning of each paragraph except for the first paragraph of the
Periods: Only one period is required when a sentence ends with an abbreviation. Comments and Notes: Footnotes cannot be used in the main text. List comments and notes, if any, as
references refer to §9 “Literature, Comments, and Notes”). • Equation editor must be used. • Use the Symbol Font for Greek letters and other symbols. • Each equation should end with a period or comma. • Label equations with parenthesized numerals such as (1), (2) or (1.1), (1.2), . . . , (2.1), 2.2). • If an equation extends over more than one line, break the equation before an operator such that the
operator is placed at the start of the new line. • Braces, parentheses, etc., should be used in the following order: {[(···)]}. • Present units in Roman type. • Do not add “s” to indicate plural of units. • Do not confuse the symbol for the unit (s, V, Ω, etc.) and the name of the unit (second, volt, ohm, etc.). • Arbitrary unit must be “arb. unit” (cf. “a.u.” stands for atomic unit).
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
• Use cm3 and cm2 instead of cc and sc cm, respectively. • Use µm and nm instead of µ and mµ, respectively. • The product of two units must be indicated as follows. • The quotient of two units must be indicated as follows. • Do not use more than one slash unless units are parenthesized.
m/s2 or m·s−2m·kg/(s3·A) or m·kg·s−3·A−1m/(V·s) or m·V−1·s−1
[Note] Do not write as “m/s/s,” “m·kg/s3/A,” or “m/V·s.”
• Use the section title (without section number) “Acknowledgment(s)”. • Thanks for grants, equipment, samples, etc., should be expressed in this section.
Headings: “Appendix” if there is only one appendix. “Appendix A”, “Appendix B” . . . if there is more than
one appendix. “Appendix: Title” is also acceptable. Appendix titles should be capitalized as section titles(see §4).
Equations: Number equations as (A·1), (A·2), (B·1), (B·2), . . . . Figures: Label as Fig. A·1, Fig. A·2, Fig. B·1, Fig. B·2, . . . . Tables: Label as Table A·I, Table A·II, Table B·I, Table B·II, . . . . [Note] There are no appendices in Rapid Communications, Brief Notes, and APEX papers.
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
• List all the literature, comments, notes, etc., cited in the main text, using consecutive numbers. • Footnotes are not allowed in the main text. • Place numbers with a closing parenthesis as a superscript to cite literature in the main text, e.g., 1), 2,3)
4–7,11), after any punctuation mark. • Give only the family name(s) to cite the author(s) of literature in the main text. If there are two authors,
give both authors’ family names. If there are more than two authors, write only the first author’s familyname followed by “et al.”
The phenomenon of spiking in solid state lasers is very well known.1–3) It was first reported inthe very early paper of Collins et al.2,4) The detailed experimental setup is described in ref. 5. • Each reference number should correspond to only one reference. Different papers by the same authors
should be listed separately in the reference list under different numbers (excluding errata). • The term “ibid.” should not be used even if the same journal or book is cited with different page
• The term “et al.” should not be used in the references. List all the authors (with the exception of software
references with a very large number of authors, for which et al. may be used).
1) T. Hashimoto, K. Fujito, K. Samonji, J. S. Speck, and S. Nakamura: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (2005)
2) R. H. Bruce: Solid State Technol. 48 [1] (2005) 5. 3) G. Asano, T. Oikawa, H. Funakubo, and K. Saito: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003) L1083 [Errata 42
• Sequence of items: author(s) → colon (:) → journal name → volume number (in boldface) →
year (parenthesized) → initial page. • Abbreviations of journal names are based on ISO (refer to §15). • No “p.” is required with the initial page number. • Provide the issue number (bracketed after the volume number) for journals that begin with page 1 in
• Errata should be listed under the same reference number.
4) H. Sakurai, K. Takada, and E. Takayama-Muromachi: Oyo Buturi 74 (2005) 22 [in Japanese]. 5) Ju. V. Tsekhmistrenko: Sov. Phys. JETP 9 (1959) 1097. • Write the original title of the journal in Roman letters. • Write the name of the language at the end of the item, for example, [in Japanese] and [in Russian]. • Write the title and the English-translated journal if only the English-translated literature has been
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
6) S. M. Sze: Physics of Semiconductor Devices (Wiley, New York, 1981) 2nd ed., p. 55. 7) D. Edwards: in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, ed. E. Palik (Academic Press, New York,
8) N. M. Amer and W. B. Jackson: in Semiconductors and Semimetals, ed. A. C. Beer (Academic Press,
Orlando, 1984) Vol. 21, Part B, Chap. 3. • Sequence of items: author(s) → colon (:) → title → editor(s) if any →
name of publisher, city of publication, year of publication (parenthesized) → chapter or initial page. • Abbreviations in the title are not acceptable. • Publisher names can be shortened, for example, “Springer” and “Wiley.”
• Only one city of publication should be given. If the book is published in the U.S.A., the state code, such
as NJ, can be given after the city name. • Providing the initial page is sufficient (if plural pages must be specified, write “pp.” instead of “p.”
• Write “in” before the title of the book when both the authors and the editors are provided. • The title of the series should be provided if the book is part of a series.
9) T. Takenouchi: Handotai (Semiconductors) (Shokabo, Tokyo, 1964) p. 83 [in Japanese]. • Write the original title of the book in Roman letters followed by the English-translated title in
• Write the name of the language at the end of the item, for example, [in Japanese]. • Write the English-translated title only if the English-translated book has been consulted.
10) Y. Nakai, S. Kitagawa, K. Ishida, Y. Kamihara, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono: arXiv:0810.3569. • The year of publication is not necessary here.
11) A. Narazaki, J. Maruyama, T. Kayumi, H. Hamachi, J. Moritani, and S. Hine: Proc. Int. Symp.
Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, 2000, p. 377.
12) M. Koyama, A. Kaneko, T. Ino, M. Koike, and Y. Kamata: IEDM Tech. Dig., 2002, p. 849. 13) K. Kita, Y. Yamamoto, K. Kyuno, and A. Toriumi: Ext. Abstr. (52nd Spring Meet., 2005); Japan
Society of Applied Physics and Related Societies, 30p-ZB-7 [in Japanese].
14) M. S. Joo, B. J. Cho, D. Z. Chi, N. Balasubramanian, and D.-L. Kwong: Ext. Abstr. Solid State
Devices and Materials, 2004, p. 202.
15) T. Wada, T. Negami, and M. Nishitani: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Ternary and Multinary Compounds, Yoko-hama, 1993, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1993) Suppl. 32-3, p. 41. • Do not italicize conference names. • Use abbreviations for “Proceedings,” “Symposium,” “International,” etc. • If the proceedings is published as a supplement to a journal, also provide the title of the journal. In this
case, the name of the proceedings should be italicized. • Some proceedings, such as Proc. SPIE, are written as journal references.
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
16) K. K. Bhuwalka, M. Born, S. Sedlmaier, J. Schulze, and I. Eisele: presented at ULIS6, 6th Int. Conf.
Ultimate Integration of Silicon, 2005. • Write “presented at” before the name of the conference.
17) B. W. Braams: Natl. Bur. Stand. Tech. Note 724 (1972). 18) K. Hoh and Y. Yasuda: IEICE Tech. Rep. ED93-89 (1993) [in Japanese].
19) Y. Takahashi and M. Nawa: Japan Patent 652696 (1971). 20) A. C. Smith: U.S. Patent 3390940 (1988).
21) N. Kunitomi and M. Kaneko: private communication. 22) M. Saito: in preparation for publication.
23) A. Tonegawa and S. Hasegawa: submitted to Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
24) S. Nakamura and J. S. Speck: to be published in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 25) Z. Shiu, Z. Hao, and J. Ni: to be published in Thin Solid Films [DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.09.1xx].
26) K. Aoki: Dr. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo (1988).
The following abbreviations and acronyms can be used without definition in the abstract and main text.
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
large scale integration(or large scale integrated circuit)
Abbreviations and acronyms other than those listed above should be defined fully the first time they appear inboth the abstract and main text.
Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is one of the most important epitaxialgrowth techniques for compound semiconductors . . . • Use the same size of paper as for the main text. • Print each table separately. • Provide after the list of figure captions.
Numbering: Number tables with Roman numerals, such as Table I, Table II, . . . . Captions:
• Type each caption above each table (listing table captions on a separate page is not required). • Begin with a capital and end with a period, as for a sentence. • Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of column titles.
Table I. Fermi energy and carrier concentration for each sample.
Figures must be complete so that no editing will be required. • Use the same size of paper as for the main text. • Print each figure separately. • Number each figure consecutively in Arabic numerals, such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, . . . . • Label related figures by lower-case letters in parentheses, such as (a), (b), (c), . . . . • List captions on a separate sheet. • Do not separate captions even for multiple related figures such as (a), (b), . . . .
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
• The list of figure captions should be provided after the reference list. • If color printing is required, write “Color print” in the margin of the sheet (except for APEX
• In the figure captions, the phrase “(Color)” should follow the figure number and precede the
• There is an additional fee for color printing with the exception of APEX papers.
Color online: Figures with color will be provided only in the online version (NO extra charge). Authors who
request this service should note the following:
1. The online and printed versions of the figure files and captions should be the same. 2. It is the author’s responsibility to prepare clear and appropriate figures, text references, and
captions for both the online and printed versions. For example, light colors should be avoided sincethey are not clearly visible in the black-and-white printed edition.
3. In the figure captions, the phrase “(Color online)” should follow the figure number and precede the
caption as a note for readers of the printed version. [For example, Fig. 1. (Color online) Pressuredependence of Hall coefficient.]
4. Reprints are printed with the same color preference as the printed version. • Select a standard font such as Times New Roman, Times-Roman, Arial, or Helvetica. • Consider the font size because most figures will be reduced in size when printed. • Select standard units (refer to §6). • Units should be parenthesized after the label on the axis. A slash is also acceptable. • Expressions such as Ø and 1.5E16 should be 0 and 1.5 × 1016, respectively, if possible.
EPS: Particularly for line drawings. EPS files made using conversion software are unacceptable. WMF: Particularly for line drawings. Files of most Windows applications can be saved as WMF. PDF: Do not downsample or compress. TIFF: Photos only. Resolution should be higher than 300 dpi. Line drawings are unacceptable. JPEG: Same as TIFF.
The following Microsoft application files are acceptable. PowerPoint: Prepare one figure as one slide in one PPT file. Word: Place one figure on one page in one DOC file. Excel: Prepare one figure as one file. Printed and on-screen sizes sometimes differ. In such cases, the on-screen
Size: Prepare each figure in the actual size. Enlarge for submission if necessary. Font:
• Select a standard font such as Times New Roman, Times-Roman, Arial, or Helvetica. • Do not use two-byte codes such as Chinese and Korean fonts. • Use the Symbol Font for Greek letters and symbols such as ◦.
Line width: Lines should be thicker than 0.25 pt in actual size. Other: Files scanned by the author are unacceptable.
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
Instructions for Preparation of Manuscript
Phys. Status Solidi: Rapid Res. Lett.
The Japn Society of Applied PhysicsJJAP/APEX Editorial Division
2-31-22-5F Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
jjap_edit@jsap.or.jp Web site: http://jjap.jsap.jp/
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CURRICULUM VITAE J. RANDALL O’BRIEN Carson-Newman College EDUCATION: Area of Concentration: Human Nature and the Study of Personality Thesis: “An Analysis of Parental Influence upon Conceptualization of and Relationship to God” Major Professor and Mentor: James Dittes New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary Doctor of Theology, Major in Old Testament and Hebrew Mi